co teaching strategies

Even with the best-laid plans, there are bound to be occasional relationship challenges. Gone is the abstract wondering of what other teachers do in their classrooms behind closed doors. Anne Beninghof. Why is that? Understood does not and will not take money from pharmaceutical Both of you need to know which students needed extra support during the lesson, what that support looked like, and what each student was struggling with. 504 plans The study examined co-teaching survey completed in the middle of student teaching. In my workshops on co-teaching, I ask participants to complete that simile. Download the PDF from here. One Teach, One Observe. According to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences … Allows for uninterrupted observation and data collection, Provides data that can inform future instruction, interventions, and student grouping, Can create a dynamic in which students see one teacher as the “real” teacher, Can make it difficult for co-teachers to build a strong partnership, Loses instructional opportunities in a true co-taught classroom. But be sure that students know you’re both present and available for support. 6–8. This requires teachers who work phenomenallywell together. Provides additional support to struggling students without specifically singling them out, Gives a chance to re-teach, review, and pre-teach, Allows for intervention as well as enrichment opportunities, Requires strong data collection in order to group students appropriately, May make students feel self-conscious, especially if they’re often in the small group, Can be challenging to control for noise, distraction, and enough space when working in the same classroom, Needs careful planning to make sure students don’t miss material being taught to the large group. Planning is vital to your success as a co-teaching team. Amanda Morin They know that students with a wide range of special needs can thrive when they’re taught in classes with their peers. You can keep track of these tasks on a chart. The Lead and Support Model works well when a specialist is assigned to co-teach with multiple classroom teachers. 4.0 out of 5 stars A valuable classroom resource. This website provides information of a general nature and is “Divide and conquer” is the best strategy for virtual co-teaching. In most schools, co-teaching cannot exist alone as the means through which inclusive practices are implemented. And since you’re teaching your half of the class, you’re less likely to feel closely observed by your colleague. Co-teachers should have parity in the classroom, Friend said. To download a copy of the form, visit ideas for educators.com/downloadables. All Things Considered Other topics to discuss with your co-teacher before the first school bell rings: • Should we set aside other time (early-morning coffee, lunchtime walks) for additional planning? In a second approach to co-teaching, one person would keep primary responsibility for teaching... 3. Co-teaching brings together a general education teacher and a special education teacher to share all aspects of teaching—planning, instruction and assessment—for an inclusive, heterogeneous group of students in a shared classroom environment. Tag team teaching Simultaneous teaching means two teachers at the front of the class guiding students through the materi… This will help you figure out which students need support filling in gaps in background knowledge, which students need remediation, or which students could benefit from accelerated learning because they already know the content or have mastered the skills of the large group lesson. View not found. Review our privacy policy. Use our fail-safe strategies to set up your co-teaching relationship for a successful year. CO-TEACHING is an untapped strategy that provides coachable moments throughout a lesson. Here’s what you need to know about this co-teaching method: The lead teacher is at the front of the room, where all students can see, while the other teacher roams among students and assists as needed. Think of this as a well-balanced meal, always nutritious and flavorful, that you will serve to students. By having a proactive discussion, you reduce confusion and avoid hurt feelings. • How will we arrange the classroom for flexible grouping? With distance learning, it can be harder for students to see collaboration in action. Learn more about station teaching: Allows teachers to use flexible grouping to tailor teaching to each groups’ needs, Resets student focus with each station rotation, increasing engagement, Provides time for students to engage with the content on their own as well as with teachers, Allows for more material to be covered in a shorter time frame, Provides a clear teaching responsibility for each adult in the room, Requires significant planning for teaching and material preparation, Students may not get to all of the stations if they’re not moving at the same pace, May be noisy and distracting for some students, Requires pre-teaching around expectations for independent work time, When co-teachers have varying depths of knowledge on a topic and the students would benefit from differentiated instruction. However, not all teachers are familiar with co-teaching models, the planning and collaboration it takes, or the different ways it can look in a classroom. It affords teachers opportunities to incorporate co-teaching strategies, grouping and educating students in ways that are not possible with just one teacher. One Teach, One Observe. Team teaching is sometimes called “tag team teaching.” You and your co-teacher teacher are a bit like co-presenters at a conference or the Oscars. Understood is a nonprofit initiative. The observing teacher is collecting data, which can be useful in determining what instruction takes place next, which students need additional help, and what co-teaching model may … TM ® & © 2016 Scholastic Inc. All Rights Reserved. PreK–K, (BIP), or Because differences are our greatest strength. It can be especially hard for new teachers who are paired up with teachers who have more experience, or for co-teachers whose teaching philosophies differ from each other. Co-Teaching Strategies. 3–5, Agree on expectations. Co-teaching is a challenge and both teachers need to be willing to be flexible so that all students can be successful. It asks you to step outside of your comfort zone and allow another teacher to see how you approach a classroom full of students. (RTI). Click Here to Subscribe to Instructor Magazine. In a “one teach, one observe” setting, one teacher serves as the primary instructor, while the other is simply observing students’ learning and collecting data, which can be useful in: Determining what instruction takes place next, Seeing which students need additional help, Deciding what co-teaching model may be used next to address any identified needs, Identifying and tracking helpful school services, such as Understood's resources for educators are backed by research, vetted by experts, and reviewed by classroom teachers. “Understood” and related logos are trademarks of Understood For All Inc. Accrediting organizations and regulations have compelled teacher preparation programs to establish partnerships with PK-12 schools to produce quality educators by utilizing effective teaching approaches such as co-teaching. As the students rotate through the stations, the teachers teach the same material in different ways to each group. While general educators are the experts in the curriculum and content, special educators devise and implement a plan for addressi… You and your co-teacher will need to find time to look over student data. However, it also gives you the opportunity to learn about and improve your teaching skills by having a partner who can provide feedback and — in some cases — mentorship. Co-Teaching Handbook. Snippets of the co-teaching strategies that we use in our classroom. The greatest benefit to this approach is the reduction of the student-teacher ratio. You don’t necessarily plan who takes which part of the lesson, and when one of you makes a point, the other can jump in and elaborate if needed. companies. Use our fail-safe strategies to set up your co-teaching relationship for a successful year. They need to be able to play off of one another while effectively teaching the material to their students. In team teaching, both teachers are in the room at the same time but take turns teaching the whole class. The responses run the gamut from horror story to every teacher’s dream: The marriage between co-teachers My co-teacher was surprised to find several “gifted” students who didn’t quite get it. Reviewed in the United States on September 19, 2016. For more Fill in the blank: The marriage between co-teachers is like ______. 2. Use signposting. (FBA), Both teachers are then fully involved in teaching and assessing students. The following co-teaching models were developed by Marilyn Friend. Comment Report abuse. Understand the needs of all of your students. general education teacher partners with a specialist who may be certified in teaching English Language Learners (ELLs CaringConsumer. 4. As part of communicating openly, partners should also clarify who is responsible for specific tasks. Here is what I offered her: “What have you done in the past that has worked?”, “What if we try this idea for one week and then discuss how it went?”. To create a successful co-teaching classroom, it is important to learn about your co-teaching partner. 2. Here’s more of what you need to know about alternative teaching: One teacher is at the front of the room or roaming providing large group instruction, while the other teacher works with a small group of students in a different space. You and your co-teacher plan together to make sure you’re covering the same material. We do not market to or offer services to individuals in the European Union. Use the... 3. For example, fractions may be taught with a fraction line at one and with cubes at another. Considerations include: 1. Part One in our series demonstrates the benefits and "how to's" of co-teaching. There was an issue submitting your email address. Parallel Teaching. She has trained teachers across the United States and is the author of Co-Teaching That Works. A special education teacher at one of my workshops in California told me that she was tired of “being the one to always make copies.” I suggested that she and her partner brainstorm a list of tasks that make their class run effectively and decide who will do what. By Or, in some cases, it may be a teacher and a paraprofessional working together. Knowing how to read an IEP or 504 plan, implement accommodations, and participate in IEP meetings is a shared responsibility. Depending upon your style, preference, and your students, choose the ones that suit your needs. Provides both teachers with an active instructional role, Introduces students to complementary teaching styles and personalities, Allows for lessons to be presented by two different people with different teaching styles, Models multiple ways of presenting and engaging with information, Models for students what a successful collaborative working relationship can look like, Provides more opportunities to pursue teachable moments that may arise, Takes time and trust for teachers to build a working relationship that values each teacher equally in the classroom, Necessitates a lot of planning time and coordination of schedules, Requires teachers to have equal involvement not just in planning, but also in grading, which means assignments need to be evaluated using a rubric or other non-subjective methods. Use inclusive vocabulary. As more schools move toward inclusion, integrated co-teaching (also known as collaborative team teaching) is becoming more common. Building a strong relationship with your co-teacher and talking through when it makes sense to swap roles can make it easier. The beginning of the school year, or even prior to the start of school, is the key time to decide which co-teaching models you want to use. Here are a few suggestions for making this goal a reality. “Even in the ideal co-teaching relationship, there will be occasions when there is tension or anger between the co-teachers (or with a student)…When discussing the classroom environment, co-teachers may want to briefly discuss strategies for managing themselves when this situation happens. Choose a Model Early. , 5. Co-Teaching Styles. This course provides teachers with strategies to strengthen the co-teaching experience and build a team that can effectively reach the wide range of student needs. 1. Some IEPs specify that a student’s teaching team needs to include a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Superheroes... because our students are SUPER at #reading & #math and are going to obliterate the... 2. A co-teacher in Nebraska asked me to suggest specific prompts she could use when she and her partner reached an impasse. It might seem basic, but this is one of our most important co-teaching tips. Follow these strategies to address the needs of every student in your virtual classroom. I have seen an explosion of interest—not just among special education and general education teachers but among ELL teachers, literacy specialists, and speech and language therapists, all of whom are recognizing the benefits of inclusion teaching. The ultimate goal of co-teaching—as is the case with all service delivery mechanisms—is to meet the educational needs of your students. Keeping lines of communication open, raising concerns respectfully, and having a supportive and involved administrator can help bridge any gaps. response to intervention On another day, teachers might choose to use a station model, where a small group of students receives intense, direct instruction following the mini-lesson. It is a dynamic process in which the teacher and coach work together to move student learning forward. It is essential to get to know each other personally, as well as professionally. Studies show that this co-teaching can successfully meet the needs of all learners when the co-teachers: Have ample time to build a trusting relationship with one another, Each have the chance to use their expertise in the classroom. Current School of Education credential candidates can click on the link below to log in to My SOE (opens in new window), which contains learning modules for the co-teaching strategies. Students can benefit from learning difficult material in a smaller group. behavior intervention plans Seven Co-Teaching Strategies . You plan lessons together and teach together to support the diverse academic and social-emotional needs of all students — those who have been identified as having a disability and those who haven’t. In the Duet Model, both teachers share everything—planning, implementation, assessment, reteaching, parent–teacher conferences, bulletin boards—literally, everything! Generally, team teaching is split into two sub-strategies: 1. 3. The specialist offers suggestions to tweak the plan to make it more accessible for struggling students. Read more. One Teach, One Assist. No matter which co-teaching model you use, you and your co-teacher need to thoughtfully plan out which responsibilities each of you will have. Parallel teaching can be a comfortable way to start co-teaching. They were presented to teachers in my system during a pre-planning conference. Definition: Each teacher instructs half of the students. Having a conversation before the year begins about your expectations for students, behavior, homework, bathroom use, etc., can help you work out any differences you may have and come to a consensus for how your shared class will run. Anne Beninghof is a consultant and former special educator. 1. The two teachers address the same instructional material and present the material using the same teaching strategy. She is the author of The Everything Parent’s Guide to Special Education. Here are a few co-teaching styles. The co-teaching model of student teaching allows students increased opportunities to get help when and how they need it. Taking the time to learn each other's strengths, preferences, interests, and even pet peeves makes co-teaching easier. Simultaneous teaching 2. The instructing teacher is at the front of the room teaching all the students, while the other teacher is stationed somewhere inconspicuous to make observations. Data was collected from cooperating teachers and student teachers at different grade levels. See what co-teaching is really like. If, instead, we had automatically grouped students based on their labels, a few might have fallen through the cracks. Co-Teaching Resources. “The compelling evidence is clear. Selecting a time a… Co-teachers are often general education teachers and special education teachers working together in the general education classroom. A true partnership grows as you get to know each other. You and your co-teacher should have a clear understanding of who is in charge of each responsibility. Here are a few teaching strategies that are a staple in most classrooms. 8 Things Successful Co-Teachers Do 1. Go out of your way to point it out. Get to know each other. information, please review the Terms and Small groups are often put together based on students’ learning needs. Read on to learn how each model works, what it looks like in the classroom, and when to use it. In this section there are questions you can ask your co-teacher in order to get to know him/her better. Whichever models you choose, the most successful co-teaching occurs when the choices have been intentional, with the students’ needs kept in mind. Kristen L. Hodnett, MSEd Communicate. These are some of the other service delivery options that need to exist: My favorite lesson-planning form contains reminders to consider things such as visual supports, hands-on activities, and modes of participation. Resources to help you keep your career goals on target. Different learning stations are set up in various areas of the classroom, one for each teacher and at least one for independent student work. Differentiated instruction strategies allow teachers to engage each student by accommodating to their specific learning style. You can opt out of emails at any time by sending a request to info@understood.org. When there is a small group of students who need pre- or re-teaching of skills or content or who would benefit from enrichment on the topic. When something specific needs to be observed, whether it’s information for an IEP meeting, FBA, or RTI, or simply about how students respond to the way material is being taught. Allows one teacher to teach a lesson without interruption from students who need assistance, Gives real-time help for students who need it, Allows teachers to use proximity to keep students on task, Provides for increased classroom management, which can be helpful if the class makeup is particularly challenging, Can provide newer teachers with the opportunity to observe more experienced teachers, Can create a dynamic in which students see one teacher as the one who manages behavior, Can appear as though one teacher is more “in charge” than the other, Sets up a possible expectation that one-to-one support can always be immediate, Requires solid planning to make sure the supporting teacher is used efficiently, When one teacher is more familiar and comfortable with teaching a strategy, and you know many students will need individual support. It’s also essential that both teachers share behavior management equally. In my own co-teaching and my work with educators, I’ve found successful relationships boil down to three essential ingredients, which I will discuss in detail. When planning lessons, flexibly group students based on formative assessment rather than labels (IEP, ELL, gifted, etc.). Develop a lesson-planning format together that is student focused. designed for information and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. • How will we evaluate our own co-teaching practice? We offer strategies to help novice and veteran co-teaching teams avoid pitfalls, embrace actions that make a difference, and take steps to promote positive outcomes. is like an elderly couple—constantly bickering about trivial details but dependent on each other. This lesson will cover teaching strategies connected to the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). In a classroom where co-teaching is occurring, it’s hard to tell who the teacher is and who the coach is, because both are engaged and involved partners in the delivery of the lesson. In station teaching, the class is divided into three or more groups and the classroom has multiple learning centers. The marriage between co-teachers is like a fine wine—it gets better with age. 1. Helpful. Alternative teaching is also sometimes described as “big group/small group” teaching. The key to this strategy is to focus the observation; the teacher … Co-teaching definitely has benefits, but it can also be challenging to implement. One teacher has primary responsibility while the other gathers specific observational information on students or the (instructing) teacher. It takes two! PRACTICAL CO-TEACHING STRATEGIES: Increasing Students' Success in Today's Inclusive Classroom | Bureau of Education & Research (BER) is a sponsor of staff development training for professional educators in the United States and Canada offering seminars, PD Kits, self-study resources, and Online courses. When one teacher is directly instructing the students, the other should be observing. One Teach, One Observe – one teacher has primary instructional responsibility while the other gathers specific observational information on students or the (instructing) teacher. Cloud State University, Teacher Quality Enhancement Center; Research Funded by a US Department of Education, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grant) One Teach, One Observe Definition: One teacher has primary responsibility while the other gathers See why Teaching Strategies is the #1 provider of early childhood solutions in the country. Team teaching is a highly-organized approach to education in which two teachers talk about a subject at the same time or “tag team” with each other. • How will we introduce ourselves to the students? Build rapport. Parallel teaching is a style in which both teachers are teaching at the same time. and are used with permission. Co-teachers might decide to use a parallel model one day, splitting the class into two so that students get more of a chance to participate. Do. The key to this strategy is to focus on the observation – where and how the teacher is doing the instruction and observing specific behaviors. These conversations can be uncomfortable, so teachers often avoid them. Mentoring Teacher Candidates Through Co-Teaching But for the sake of our students, we need to ­develop a strong working relationship as quickly as possible. Differentiated Instruction: Learning Stations. Instead, co-teaching should be one out of a wide variety of service delivery systems that provide supports to students with special needs. Agree on expectations. In alternative teaching, one teacher instructs most of the class and the other teacher teaches an alternate or modified version of the lesson to a smaller group of students. This is sometimes called “one teach, one support,” because the second teacher often provides additional support for learning or behavior management. Both you and your co-teacher are responsible for planning and teaching an in-depth concept that helps meet the overall lesson goal. is a clinical professor in the department of special education at Hunter College in New York City. Share Establish roles and responsibilities. worked as a classroom teacher and as an early intervention specialist for 10 years. Use “our students” rather than “your students/my students” in your conversations. multiple ways of presenting and engaging with information, When students would benefit from learning content and skills using multiple strategies and having access to more than one teacher’s experience and perspective. , Everything same information simultaneously in different ways to each group sign up for emails! Also sometimes described as “ big group/small group ” teaching supportive and involved administrator can help any... By classroom teachers teaching your half of the form, visit ideas for.! A lesson-planning format together that is student focused system During a pre-planning conference greatest benefit this... Stations, the team splits the class, you reduce confusion and hurt., preference, and participate in IEP meetings is a clinical professor in the European Union how each works. Models best suits your situation, you reduce confusion and avoid hurt feelings the ultimate of. Information, please review the Terms and Conditions allow another teacher to see how you a... Turns teaching the material to their students for flexible grouping easier to maintain a positive classroom.. Day-To-Day plans to learn each other all service delivery systems that provide supports to students with a wide of..., always nutritious and flavorful, that you will serve to students one-on-one in which the and! Strategies to set up your co-teaching relationship for a successful co-teaching relationship for a successful co-teaching relationship for a year., integrated co-teaching ( also known as collaborative team teaching is also sometimes described as big... A co-teaching team instructing ) teacher, so teachers often avoid them important co-teaching tips find several gifted... Instruction observation Protocol ( SIOP ) the co teaching strategies teachers address the same time part! Lesson will cover teaching strategies is the author of the advantages in is... ( also known as collaborative team teaching ) is becoming more common for the sake of our students ” your... That simile also known as collaborative team teaching, the class is divided into two groups the! Completed in the United States on September 19, 2016 early intervention specialist for 10.. Requires an enormous amount of co-planning time co-teaching models were developed by Marilyn Friend Intelligences... The classroom has multiple learning centers co-teaching strategies that we use in our classroom confusion. In teaching and assessing students cop ” situation can make it more accessible for struggling students relationships work,! Teaches the same time being met fraction line at one and with cubes at another is... Focus will be placed on strategies geared toward English Language Learners an untapped strategy that provides coachable moments throughout lesson. Have identified which of these tasks on a daily basis, and reviewed by classroom teachers on strategies geared English. The following co-teaching models were developed by Marilyn Friend aware that it requires an enormous of! For teaching... 3 as quickly as possible for weekly emails containing helpful resources for you and co-teacher... Learning forward their specific learning style from cooperating teachers and student progress mechanisms—is to meet the needs... Cover teaching strategies connected to the Sheltered instruction observation Protocol ( SIOP ) going to obliterate the... 2 students. My system During a pre-planning conference ) is becoming more common in most.... While others are rocky rotate through the cracks greatest joys of a range. For educators are backed by research, vetted by experts, and day... Both you and your co-teacher in order to get to know him/her better approach co-teaching. Well-Balanced meal, always nutritious and flavorful, that you will serve to students one-on-one ideas with her partner an! Also essential that both teachers are then fully involved in teaching and assessing students out which responsibilities of. Our most important co-teaching tips co-teacher should have parity in the European Union roles can make it easier to a. Students rotate through the cracks 5 co-teaching strategies that we use in our classroom it! For specific tasks best suits your situation, you reduce confusion and hurt. Information simultaneously in different ways to each group Morin worked as a well-balanced meal, nutritious... Implement accommodations, and every day is a consultant and former special.. Conquer” is the reduction of the co-teaching strategies for Meeting student needs being... Msed is a clinical professor in the department of special education teachers and special education Hunter... Relationship challenges which responsibilities each of you have identified which of these two overarching models best suits your situation you. This section there are bound to be able to play off of another! # 1 provider of early childhood solutions in the middle of student teaching is split two. Containing helpful resources for you and your co-teacher in order to get to know each other involved. Seem basic, but this is an excellent model, both teachers share everything—planning,,. Of this as a well-balanced meal, always nutritious and flavorful, that you will have upon your,... A marriage, partners may have differences of opinion or develop resentments their peers develop resentments provides coachable moments a! Comes at a great cost, as it usually results in a loss of instructional quality and student teachers different. All participants can comfortably attend on time and give full attention learn each other 's strengths,,. Teachers address the same information at the same information simultaneously in different ways each. Reflecting on the lessons you teach together is especially important ways that are not possible with one. The greatest joys of a wide range of special education is an excellent model, both teachers are creating building., integrated co-teaching ( also known as collaborative team teaching ) is becoming more common relationship for a successful classroom! Sheltered instruction observation Protocol ( SIOP ) she has trained teachers across the United States and is best... High expectations for all Inc. and are used with permission information simultaneously in different ways each... Nebraska asked me to suggest specific prompts she could use when she her... As the means through which inclusive practices are implemented services to individuals in classroom... To ensure all student needs are being met action, absorbing New and effective strategies from one.! Your family do in their classrooms behind closed doors a valuable classroom resource ( which co teaching strategies ). Parity in the room to create a successful co-teaching relationship is the reduction of room... As it usually results in a smaller group like in the classroom teacher and a paraprofessional together! Who use “ our students are successful to consider things such as visual supports, activities. Which co-teaching model you use, you and your co-teacher need to thoughtfully plan... 2 where both or participants! Superheroes... because our students ” hold high expectations for all Inc. all rights reserved “ our students ” than!, absorbing New and effective strategies from one another than “ your students/my students ” than... Cop/Bad cop ” situation can make it easier meet the educational needs of every student in virtual... This is an excellent model, the teachers teach the same time we automatically... Be taught with a wide variety of service delivery systems that provide supports to students one-on-one, co-planning takes. Assessment, reteaching, parent–teacher conferences, bulletin boards—literally, Everything effective strategies one... Trained teachers across the United States on September 19, 2016, work to. Instructional quality and student teachers at different grade levels part one in our classroom basis. Are trademarks of Understood for all Inc. and are going to obliterate the... 2 sense to roles... Taught in classes with their peers to your success as a well-balanced meal, always nutritious and,! Systems that provide supports to students one-on-one have a clear understanding of who is responsible specific... ” hold high expectations for all students are successful also learn about your co-teaching for! Team splits the class into two sub-strategies: 1 ’ learning needs instructing ) teacher she is the # provider! Superheroes... because our students ” hold high expectations for all Inc. all rights reserved conferences, bulletin,! Which the teacher and a paraprofessional working together in the department of special education teachers working in. Open, raising concerns respectfully, and modes of participation a shared co teaching strategies well to differentiate instruction when the being. Virtual classroom that both of you will serve to students with special needs survey completed in the Duet model the., reteaching, parent–teacher conferences, bulletin boards—literally, Everything co-planning time that everyone is receiving just-right challenges students/my! Different grade levels learning, it may be taught with a fraction line one! A comfortable way to start co-teaching ( IEP, ELL, gifted, etc. ),! In our classroom learn each other learn how each model works, what it looks like in general. Students one-on-one teacher to see how you approach a classroom teacher takes on for! A specialist is assigned to co-teach with multiple classroom teachers your success as a co-teaching.... Strong relationship with your co-teacher should have a chance to teach content and to provide to. “ Understood ” and related logos are trademarks of Understood for all students and make you., implementation, assessment, reteaching, parent–teacher conferences, bulletin boards—literally, Everything staple! A valuable classroom resource teachers address the same information simultaneously in different sections of the room special needs you to... In parallel teaching, the classroom teacher and a special education teachers and student teachers at grade... Then fully involved in teaching and assessing students students, choose the ones that suit your.! Strategy for virtual co-teaching, worked as a well-balanced meal, always nutritious and flavorful, you., interests, and even pet peeves makes co-teaching easier students and sure. Me to suggest specific prompts she could use when she and her partner to... Know that students with special needs can thrive when they ’ re covering the same information simultaneously in ways... Students with a wide variety of service delivery mechanisms—is to meet the overall lesson.. Overall lesson goal shares her ideas with her partner reached an impasse multiple classroom teachers, Everything class...

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