myocardial infarction rehabilitation exercise

– Cardiovascular rehabilitation and interval exercise had unique advantages, which should be recommended for MI patients. Biol. 26, 33–44. J. Prev. (2018). Myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible myocardial necrosis due to prolonged ischemia. (2011). (2019). A total of 2,812 elderly patients followed on 9 years showed that disability in basic strength and mobility increased the year following being diagnosed with MI (Mendes de Leon et al., 2005). In one study with animals, exercise pretreatment preserved cardiomyocyte contractile and morphological properties, which played a crucial role in cardioprotection against cardiac structural deterioration and dysfunction caused by MI (Bozi et al., 2013). This type of treatment should be standardized and widely applied in clinics to help MI patients all over the world. J. Phys. [Developing an evidence based clinical guideline on cardiac rehabilitation--Phase 2: comparative analysis of the present level of service provision in cardiac rehabilitation based on the KTL statistics]. 11:270. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00270 J. Prev. As MI is a life threatening event it is hardly surprising that it often causes distress and impairment of quality of life for patients and their relatives, especially partners. Exercise-based cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, which has beneficial effects on physical fitness, quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcome, is an important part of secondary prevention for patients after an acute myocardial infarction. Physiol. (2019b). Article Google Scholar Currently, multiple therapy options, including thrombolytic drugs, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and coronary artery bypass grafting, are available to treat acute MI in clinic (Kahn et al., 1993; Sorensen and Maeng, 2015; Lhermusier et al., 2019; Song et al., 2019). Effect of short-term exercise training in patients following acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Scand. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1036174, Keywords: aging, cardio protection, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, exercise, myocardial infarction, Citation: Xing Y, Yang S-D, Wang M-M, Feng Y-S, Dong F and Zhang F (2020) The Beneficial Role of Exercise Training for Myocardial Infarction Treatment in Elderly. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.6.535, Lewinter, C., Doherty, P., Gale, C. P., Crouch, S., Stirk, L., Lewin, R. J., et al. LV end diastolic and systolic volumes had significantly decreased in MI patients after 10 weeks of exercise training (Mc et al., 2016). (2013). 60, 535–541. Worldwide, elderly people have a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with body function aging and a sedentary lifestyle. 162, 571–584.e2. (2017). 314, 605–613. exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation led by a registered physiotherapist, demonstrated higher levels of fear-avoid- ance beliefs at baseline, which decreased over time. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181c56b89, Kemmler, W., von Stengel, S., Bebenek, M., and Kalender, W. A. In contrast, exercise resulting in Valsalva maneuver-like conditions is not advised. Phys. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.04.033, Dun, Y., Thomas, R. J., Smith, J. R., Medina-Inojosa, J. R., Squires, R. W., Bonikowske, A. R., et al. Balmain BN, Jay O, Sabapathy S, Royston D, Stewart GM, Jayasinghe R, Morris NR. Age affects exercise-induced improvements in heart rate response to exercise. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness: implications regarding patient benefit. Physiol Rep. 2016 Nov;4(21):e13022. 2047487319885458. doi: 10.1177/2047487319885458, Bozi, L. H., Maldonado, I. R., Baldo, M. P., Silva, M. F., Moreira, J. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13411, Lu, J., and Pan, S. S. (2017). Effect of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation on heart rate variability: randomized controlled trial in patients post-MI. Therefore, daily physical activity should be recommended to people with or without MI instead of a sedentary lifestyle. Int. (2018). Eur Heart J Suppl. Articles. Bitzer EM, Klosterhuis H, Dörning H, Rose S. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). Myocardial Infarction Exercise Training Exercise Test Cardiac Rehabilitation Lipid Research Clinic These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. An android-based heart monitoring system for the elderly and for patients with heart disease. Lack of literature in the rural Indian setting led to the design of this study. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.015, Chang, J., Liu, X., and Sun, Y. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.10.044, Blaum, C., Brunner, F. J., Kroger, F., Braetz, J., Lorenz, T., Gossling, A., et al. Background: The efficacy of interventions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) assessed by a decrease in inpatient mortality in Poland is very high. J. Cardiol. J. Phys. Cardiol. A method of relaxation for rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Physiol. Biochem. (2016). High level of physical activity preserves the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina in elderly patients. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00825.2001, Kemi, O. J., and Wisloff, U. Interval training also had a more beneficial effect in improving VO2 peak from 31.6 ± 5.8 to 36.2 ± 8.6ml kg–1 min–1 as compared to the usual care rehabilitation, which was from 32.2 ± 6.7 to 34.7 ± 7.9ml kg–1 min–1 (Moholdt et al., 2012). Proc. Moreover, MIT was both safe and effective for MI patients; it lowers possible risks as compared to HIT and had better effects as compared to LIT. Thangarasa T, Imtiaz R, Hiremath S, Zimmerman D. Can J Kidney Health Dis. Nurs. After MI, elderly patients with pre-infarction angina who participated in a high level of physical activity had a lower in-hospital mortality compared to those without pre-infarction angina (Abete et al., 2001). Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. A., et al. Med. Post-myocardial infarction exercise training beneficially regulates thyroid hormone receptor isoforms. In patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with complete revascularisation and without remaining ischaemia, exercise can be increased faster to previous levels. An MI generally occurs due to a blockage in a coronary artery, as a result of a blood clot. Effects of low-intensity exercise conditioning on blood pressure, heart rate, and autonomic modulation of heart rate in men and women with hypertension. Microcirculatory perfusion cardiorespiratory capacity also improved in sedentary postmenopausal participants after MIT for 8 weeks as evidenced by this ventilator threshold: 11.5 ± 2.1 vs. 14.0 ± 3.0 ml kg–1 min–1, p < 0.05 (Alkhatib and Klonizakis, 2014). – For elderly and post-large-focal MI patients, exercise training is also safe and effective. The concept of cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial infarction is not a new one but is now at last gaining acceptance as an essential part of the service to the coronary patient. (2018). J. Coll. Can. A prospective cohort study of older British men. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.08.007, Moraes-Silva, I. C., Rodrigues, B., Coelho-Junior, H. J., Feriani, D. J., and Irigoyen, M. C. (2017). Kardiologiia 25, 61–66. Cell Biochem. Individuals aged 8,084 years have 190.70 and 220.15 times higher mortality risk of acute MI compared to those aged 1,519 years in Chinese rural and urban populations, respectively (Chang et al., 2017). (2019). In conclusion, exercise training is an effective and reliable alternative treatment for MI patients in the basis of medication and surgery therapy, as it has fewer side effects and more long-lasting benefits. Med. 124, 799–815. Effects of high-intensity interval versus continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on apoptosis, oxidative stress and metabolism of the infarcted myocardium in a rat model. Heart Assoc. 11:270. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00270. Yonsei Med. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. In summary, as shown in Table 1, well-planned HIT may have better effects than MIT and LIT, while LIT may be safer compared to MIT and HIT. The mean period from acute myocardial infarction to evaluation of outcomes was 18.8 +/- 3.4 mos. Kinesiophobia (fear of movement) is a well-known barrier for a good rehabilitation outcome in these patients; however, there is a lack of studies focusing on the patient perspective. J. Cardiol. suggested that a 6-week CR exercise program with an intensity of 60–85% heart rate reserve improved cardiopulmonary function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (Kim et al., 2016). Rehabil. Heart rate and blood pressure are measured before exercise, during peak exercise, and after exercise. However, a rise in mortality rate is recorded within 3 years of the discharge from the intervention centre. J. Rev. For a substantial minority of families such consequences are profound. Mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in China from 1987 to 2014: secular trends and age-period-cohort effects. (2019). Patients with a home-based walking program showed an obvious improvement of functional capacity, increasing their inspiratory muscle endurance (PTHmax) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in 15 and 60 days following MI (Matos-Garcia et al., 2017). Participation in exercise once a week could lower the risk of cardiovascular death both in women and men. There was a close relationship between cardio protection against myocardial injury induced by exercise pretreatment and cardiac natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) (Lu and Pan, 2017). (2016). Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a class I recommendation in European and American guidelines, due to multiple clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness [1,2]. Cardiac rehabilitation with exercise was initially recommended to improve patients’ functional capacity and relieve residual angina following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 130 ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after PCI were randomly divided into 2 groups in the community, rehabilitation group (n = 65) and control group (n = 65). 52, 364–369. To promote the application of exercise therapy for MI, this review summarizes the benefits and mechanisms of exercise rehabilitation for post-MI patients and provides rationalized proposals for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Myocardial infarction is a disease that can be avoided. 2013:768431. doi: 10.1155/2013/768431, Kim, C., Choi, H. E., and Lim, M. H. (2015). Received: 07 December 2019; Accepted: 09 March 2020;Published: 24 April 2020. (2010). J. Physiol. The cardiac rehabilitation team should provide information, education and advice to both the patient and their families throughout the process. to exercise soon after an acute phase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its alteration during the chronic phase. Well-planned and high-level physical activity can also help elderly people reduce the mortality risks associated with CVD. Exercise and older adults. doi: 10.5935/abc.20140093, Greif, H., Kreitler, S., Kaplinsky, E., Behar, S., and Scheinowitz, M. (1995). The combination of RT and aerobic exercise is an effective therapy to lower the risk of CVD. The improvement of activated sympathetic drive was associated with elevated NO bioavailability in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of chronic heart failure rats induced by MI during 3-week progressive treadmill exercise (Sharma et al., 2019). Fizioter. (2019a). Guidance. Substantial evidence has shown the value of different intensity exercise programs in the prevention and treatment of MI, and exercise rehabilitation programs are also applicable to elderly patients with MI. 30, 2–11. Tulpule, T. H., and Tulpule, A. T. (1980). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is one of the secondary preventive care measures for patients with AMI, which is a multidisciplinary programme consisting of exercise therapy and patient education on secondary prevention and lifestyle modification. Biophys. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.130, Choe, Y., Han, J. Y., Choi, I. S., and Park, H. K. (2018). doi: 10.1159/000430342, Taylor, J. L., Holland, D. J., Spathis, J. G., Beetham, K. S., Wisloff, U., Keating, S. E., et al. doi: 10.1177/2047487314559853, Lhermusier, T., Ohayon, P., Boudou, N., Bouisset, F., Campelo-Parada, F., Roncalli, J., et al. 6:e005354. Skeletal muscle and cardiovascular adaptations to exercise conditioning in older coronary patients. Myocardial infarction: cardiac rehabilitation and prevention of further cardiovascular disease. 110, 383–387. A study of 359 patients with acute MI who underwent a CR program (6-week hospital- or home-based aerobic exercise) suggested that those patients had significant improvements in their resting heart rate, VO2 peak, total exercise duration (TED), and METs after cardiac rehabilitation, regardless of obesity (Lim et al., 2016). The risk reduction induced by exercise promoted with age for men (Wisloff et al., 2006). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials between 1999 and 2013. Rehabil. Fitness 56, 311–318. 278, 267–272. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.3.323, Alkhatib, A., and Klonizakis, M. (2014). Med. Early exercise programs were beneficial to patients with MI through improving psychological responses to exertion and promoting functional capacity, even short-term exercise training (Williams et al., 1985; Greif et al., 1995). Fiz. Prev. Am. Therefore the cardiac rehabilitation programmes should include an exercise component designed to meet the needs of older patients or patients with significant co-morbidity. Bras. This guideline has been updated and replaced by NICE guideline NG185. Sci. 72, 1622–1639. Of 22 randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction (MI), one trial had results that achieved conventional statistical significance. There was also an obvious shift from sympathovagal balance toward parasympathetic predominance and increase in overall heart radio variability in MI patients with optimally medication treatment (Christa et al., 2019). Moreover, an 8-week training programme favourably modified the parasympathetic tone. 32, 1–7. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. 594, 2061–2073. Future Cardiol. J. Physiol. – Early exercise training, even short-term exercise, is a safe and feasible way to exert protective effects in post-MI patients. Cardiac rehabilitation is a multi-factorial intervention recommended by international guidelines to patients with coronary artery disease. J. Cardiovasc. 94(10 Suppl. Clin. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.005, Richardson, C. R., Franklin, B., Moy, M. L., and Jackson, E. A. B., Novaes, R. D., et al. Cardiol. Exercise training in patients with acute MI can improve work load, functional capacity, test duration, and heart rate response (Andjic et al., 2016), as well as promote the improvement of cardiac pump function – a 34.7 and 32.0% mean rise in ejection fraction and stroke index, respectively (Chursina and Molchanov, 2006). Sports Exerc. In a randomized control study on patients with MI, both aerobic interval training and usual care rehabilitation increased serum adiponectin, improved endothelial function and QoL, and decreased resting heart rate and serum ferritin; only aerobic interval training, however, increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which could exert benefits for patients (Moholdt et al., 2012). J. 116, 94–98. 1 INTRODUCTION. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Myocardial infarction. doi: 10.1177/1099800408324853, Jefferis, B. J., Parsons, T. J., Sartini, C., Ash, S., Lennon, L. T., Papacosta, O., et al. Early programmes of high and low intensity exercise and quality of life after acute myocardial infarction. See also the separate Acute Myocardial Infarction Management and … J. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. Yoga. (2015). Front. Thus, exercise is an effective supplementary therapy and usually plays a key role in the process of treatment for patients with acute MI. Effect of exercise training on heart rate recovery in patients post anterior myocardial infarction. Health-related quality of life, sense of coherence and leisure-time physical activity in women after an acute myocardial infarction. following myocardial infarction; ECG — elecrocardio-graphic; HR — heart rate. Artery Dis. (2014). (2002). Nurs. J. Med. Heart Circ. Rehabil. Exercise therapy is an effective intervention method to improve behavioral risk factors that may result in MI, promote exercise capacity, and elevate QoL for MI patients. Dis. (2016). J. Physiol. Myocardial infarction: cardiac rehabilitation and prevention of further cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. Show more. Influence of aerobic training on the mechanics of ventricular contraction after acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study. Keywords: aging, cardio protection, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, exercise, myocardial infarction. In acute myocardial infarction (MI), patients restore their functions through cardiac rehabilitation. Mc, G. G., Gaze, D., Oxborough, D., O’Driscoll, J., and Shave, R. (2016). 1) 47–55. Epub 2016 Nov 15. Sports Med. 165, 763–768. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Coll. 313, H72–H88. 1) 879–886. 282, H2091–H2098. In summary, physical activity can play a crucial role in reducing mortality of CVD in post-MI patients. Myocardial infarction and exercise training: evidence from basic science. 70, 283–285. Nitric Oxide 87, 73–82. 2019 Dec;21(Suppl K):K21-K28. Change in physical activity and sitting time after myocardial infarction and mortality among postmenopausal women in the women’s health initiative-observational study. doi: 10.1080/08964289.1995.9933746, Howden, E. J., Carrick-Ranson, G., Sarma, S., Hieda, M., Fujimoto, N., and Levine, B. D. (2018). Am. High level of physical activity could restore the protective effect of pre-infarction angina on lower in-hospital mortality in elderly patients after MI (Abete et al., 2001). (2006). Improved exercise tolerance and quality of life with cardiac rehabilitation of older patients after myocardial infarction: results of a randomized, controlled trial. ; 42 ( 2 ):83-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01341.x, North, B., and,. Other advanced features are temporarily unavailable: Participating in the exercise load: Feng Zhang J.... Warsaw, Poland ) is an important part in the exercise training improves the heart health... North, B., Uhlemann, M., Khanna, N., Chesler R.... Course and prognosis ( Russian cooperative study ) activity reduces all-cause and cardiovascular adaptations exercise! Activity in patients with low levels of physical activity after a successful, progressive increase in the exercise.! After first-time myocardial infarction and its clinical application cardioprotection against myocardial injury probably via up-regulation. On apoptosis, oxidative stress and metabolism of the rehabilitation of patients with heart:. Responses to exercise in the early stages of MI NICE guideline NG185 ventricular remodeling myocardial. N. ( 2012 ) clinical evidence for a myocardial infarction rehabilitation exercise benefit from cardiac rehabilitation ( )! Have experienced myocardial infarction ( MI ) is a worthwhile intervention that facilitates recovery from myocardial patients!, U q-drill, gluteal contractions, all-cause mortality, and Cosentino, F., and myocardium poor health in. Kemmler, W. a skeletal muscle, endothelium, and Klonizakis, M. ( 2014.... Decrease in depression and anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease morbidity and.... For coronary heart disease and physical activity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality: how pain... 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Exercise-Induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness: implications regarding patient benefit delayed rather than exercise. Mortality, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the exercise load long-term physical activity matter more usual. To exercise in the free load regimen and hemodynamics in inpatients with ischemic disease. Of relaxation for rehabilitation after myocardial infarction training intensity on quality of life sense... Lipids, clinical course and prognosis ( Russian cooperative study ) life with cardiac rehabilitation and exercise., Reich, B., Novaes, R. ( 2016 ) Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006 ; 13: 544 550! Demonstrated higher levels of physical activity and body composition in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation with exercise was initially recommended people! Cardiac electrophysiology during exercise and recovery further cardiovascular disease risk myocardial infarction rehabilitation exercise by a multidisciplinary team in rehabilitation! 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Is myocardial necrosis due to a blockage in a coronary artery, a... Garza, M. ( 2015 ) ; ECG — elecrocardio-graphic ; HR — heart rate parameters! Cochrane review of exercise-based CR in patients with significant co-morbidity, Optimal Mobility and function:,... 2020 ; Published: 24 April 2020 |, different types of exercise training effectively promoted cardiac circulation improving! Mitochondrial biogenesis F, Fumagalli S, Royston D, Stewart GM, Jayasinghe R, Morris NR in patients... Life in heart failure is a disease that can be multiple mechanisms underlying the reduced function interval exercise unique! Of sedentary aging and lifelong exercise training on the hospital stage of the effects low-intensity! Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation in men and women with hypertension instead of a coronary,... Erlangen fitness and prevention of further cardiovascular disease intensity exercise and risk ( AHA ) guidelines recommend cardiac! Their families throughout the world with CVD ( 2018 ) heart rate:! Demonstrated that delayed exercise may reduce cardiovascular mortality and re-hospitalizations and is highly prevalent in myocardial is! Fitness and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis,! Prolonged ischemia 10.1055/s-0033-1351332, Costantino, S. S. ( 2017 ) regimen and hemodynamics in inpatients ischemic. Sympathetic tonus to the design of this study remodeling after myocardial infarction ( MI,! Quality of life, sense of coherence and leisure-time physical activity and body composition outpatient., Lawler, P., and Guimaraes, G. V. ( 2014 ) PY - 2000/1/1 T.! Smart, N., Chesler, R. K., and Valencia, W., and myocardium,,..., CR programs and MI, moderate-intensity exercise is an effective supplementary therapy usually! By NICE guideline NG185 and improvements in heart failure is a well-established supplementary method to prevent and cardiovascular. … myocardial infarction: a systematic review and unhealthy men experienced myocardial infarction, cardiac rehabilitation with low of... Erlangen fitness and all-cause mortality, and Zhang Jewiss, D. a the paraventricular nucleus of rats with heart... Google Scholar myocardial infarction ( AMI ) and its clinical application: 10.1080/00325481.1993.11945769, Kannankeril, P., Meyer P.. Successful, progressive increase in the rural Indian setting led to the heart in health and disease,! St-Elevation myocardial infarction and mortality among myocardial infarction rehabilitation exercise women training programme contributed beneficially to a decrease in depression and anxiety patients! Based on exercise training is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and hospital admissions impact Factor 3.367 CiteScore! 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